Implementer informative
A 2026 paper by Daniel Hardman estimating, from an attacker's side, how many bits a habituated glance at an entviz figure or an SSH randomart image actually checks, using a certified reimplementation of the renderer and a grinder that counts the hashing work to forge each channel. It reports a curve rather than a single figure and states that all perceptual tolerances are modeled, not measured on people. It is for designers of human verification of keys and identifiers.